A few medical terms

The broadest English term for 受伤 is injury, while wound refers only to injuries with visible cuts or skin damage, and does not include sprains, strains, or bruises. A sprain is an injury to a ligament (the connection between bones), and a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon (the connection between muscle and bone). [英语“受伤”最广义的词是injury，而wound仅指有可见伤口或皮肤损伤的伤，不包括扭伤sprain、拉伤strain、瘀伤bruise。扭伤是韧带（ligament，骨骼与骨骼的连接）受伤，拉伤是指肌肉或肌腱（tendon，肌肉与骨骼的连接）受伤。]

By the way, a non-medical person may confuse the two words ligament and tendon. Here's a trick. A ligament is a link, connecting two things of the same type, between one bone and another bone in this case. (Generally speaking, there's no such thing connecting a muscle to another muscle, so that's ruled out.) For tendon, think of the word tension; they both begin with ten- and end with -on. When a muscle pulls on a bone, the muscle is under tension.

In case you can't think of link when seeing ligament, think of the word ligature (as 'fi' for 'f' and 'i' bound by a ligature, or 'æ' for 'a' and 'e'), or even league, which originally meant a pact binding governments.

'Permanently pause' is an oxymoron?

特朗普说"permanently pause migration"，汉语直译是“永久暂停移民”。问Google "Does 'permanently pause' sound like an oxymoron?"（注：oxymoron是“矛盾修辞”）回答Yes, the phrase "permanently pause" is an oxymoron because its two words contradict each other. 问ChatGPT，答It sounds contradictory, but it isn’t actually an oxymoron因为"pause" is being reinterpreted: instead of meaning “temporary stop,” it’s being used in a broader sense of “stop (without specifying duration).” Then "permanently" clarifies the duration. 问DeepSeek，答它can be considered a mild oxymoron / is technically oxymoronic但through common usage—especially in tech and business—it has developed a clear and practical meaning: to halt a process with no intention of ever resuming it, while often implying that the thing itself is not being deleted. So, while it's an oxymoron in a dictionary sense, it's a useful and accepted phrase in modern language. 查Google图书，在1895年的《New York Court of Appeals》中就已出现"permanently pause"。另外，汉译为“永久暂停”也许非上乘，不妨译作“不设期限地暂停”更符合该词组的真正的意义。假如外国人问为什么那么多“无期徒刑”并且“缓期执行”实际并非“无期”？道理相同，也是因为我们用词不当。

Just because ... doesn't mean ...

We know and, or, but are conjunctions. If a conjunction is at the head of a sentence or clause, this clause cannot be used as the subject or object of a sentence. It is wrong to say "And he is young is interesting". Instead, say "the fact that he is young is interesting".

But there is one exception in English, the "Just because ... doesn't mean ..." construct. For example, "Just because it works doesn't mean it works well". The sentence is completely acceptable and makes clear sense. You could rewrite it as "The fact that it works doesn't mean it works well", but that's unnecessary and, in fact, it would sound affected except in formal writing. What about the grammar, though? Can we say that "Just because ..." serves as the subject of the sentence? If you ask AI's, they will say Yes. In other words, a clause serving as a subject cannot begin with "because" but *can* begin with "just because", as long as the predicate is "does not mean". This rule is so restrictive that we may as well say it is made just for this specific sentence structure.

"Just because ... doesn't mean ..." is used in everyday English. It has entered writing, even in non-fiction books. But in seriously formal writing, this construct should be avoided, as experts have suggested. The reason, I suspect, may have to do with its unusual grammar, as said before: a clause introduced by a conjunction cannot serve as the subject (or object) of a sentence, generally speaking.

How to remember "mean", "median", "mode"

Mean (the average value, 均值)
Median (the middle value, 中位数)
Mode (the most common value, 众数)

The three words are easy in Chinese because the the Chinese characters tell you what the terms mean. But the meanings of the English words may not be so obvious. It's worth thinking of a way to help remember them.

English 'mean' and 'median' are from the same Latin word 'medianus'. When it entered Old French, it lost the consonant 'd' (this is a regular change as it's between two unstressed vowels) and eventually entered English as 'mean', as early as the 14th century. This meaning was taken by the common people. Later, Latin 'medianus' entered French as a learned word, i.e. taken by the church scribes, who tried to preserve the original Latin pronunciation, so the 'd' was not omitted (even though the people on the street did not pronounce it). It's probably safe to say that the more popular or vulgar or low-status word 'mean' takes the more general meaning ("average value"), and the more learned or high-status word 'median' takes a more specialized meaning such as defined by mathematicians or statisticians as "middle value". As to 'mode', it's an entirely different word. Think of 'à la mode' or "in the fashion". What is in fashion is the most common. So 'mode' denotes the value that occurs the most in a set.

In general, it is not right to invoke etymology to explain the meaning especially a subtle one of a modern word in modern usage. That's considered an etymological fallacy. But in this case, it makes sense to use etymology to explain why 'mean' takes a more general sense while 'median' takes a more specialized one.